Classical Conditioning
             Heart rending and anxious feelings merge, as the sound of a dentist's drill is perceived. This sensation is known as classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a simple form of learning in which an organism comes to associate events. Ivan Pavlov (1927), a Russian physiologist, discovered this type of conditioning by coincidence, as Pavlov was observing salivation in laboratory canines. This accidental discovery proves how individuals can easily become apprehensive to the dreading sound of a dentist's drill, but not to a simple electrical drill one might have at home. Iran Pavlov's contribution also verifies how classical conditioning is not necessarily permanent, but yet individuals can respond to different stimuli as though they are alike.
             An unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR) are all involved in the Pavlovian experiments. Before conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (the drilling) automatically produces an unconditioned response (the pain from the drill) in the individual. During conditioning, the sound of the dental drill is known as the neutral stimulus because it does not initially produce any effects on the patient at first. As the person becomes associated with the sound of the drill, they realize that when the sound is perceived, the dentist is going to inflict pain with the drill. The sound then is no longer a neutral stimulus, but a conditioned response. The individual then realizes that the pain is involved when they hear the sound of the drill. This then becomes a conditioned stimulus, and the heart rate rising and unpleasant feelings to the sound become the conditioned response. This results in the process of classical conditioning.
             Even though a single human being can experience the effects from a dental drill sound, does not mean that a powered elect
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