mainly because of the cost of mechanical pesticide sprayers. The primary diseases of apples are apple scabs, mildew, and fire blight. For insect pests, it is mostly the codling moth, the apple maggot, the red-banded leaf roller, aphids, leafhoppers, mites, San Jose scale, and oyster-shell scale, which are all harmful to apple trees. The rodents that do damage are mainly the pine and meadow mice and rabbits. They cause rigorous damage to the trees unless it is treated immediately and certain measures are taken.
             There are numerous methods of growing in apple culture. One of these systems or methods is called clean culture, where winter cover crops are spread throughout the orchards. If this method is used, it is recommend that after the first week in August, no additional cultivating is used. This allows the trees to harden off, which means to become adapted to the lower temperatures of fall and winter. Another one is where they use sod and sod mulch permanently. If grass is used in this method, then supplementary fertilizer is desirable to compensate for all of the organic nutrients the grass absorbs.
             Grafting, or budding, in apple trees is used to produce the trees. Grafting is joining the cut surface of the tree, in which it will allow physiological union. The tree that is the supporting part is called the stock. The plant that is grafte
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