1. Autonomy allows patients the right to make decisions of their medical treatment, therefore is important in the role of a Physician Assistance to respect her patients decisions as well as to "promote health, safety, welfare, and dignity of all humans." In this case Mrs. Smith declines to hear any medical information from her cancer specialist, but would rather hear it from her Physician Assistant (PA) making it my own decision to view what must be evaluated with the patient, and my role in her treatment. Therefore, I will talk to my patient and walk her through options in her treatment since she wants me to "direct her." As stated in PA Code of Ethics it is my role to "Supervise ongoing communication between the physician and the physician assistant regarding the care of all patients." Informing Mrs. Smith know that oncology is not my specialty, however I will be reviewing medical procedures done with the referred specialist.
             2. The questions should be formulated to the patients in a manner that to obtain answers that will help improve the patients' health such as, "Would you prefer to choose a specialist rather than me referring you to one?" This gives the patient options to choose where she prefers to be treated; maybe there are reasons why she didn't want to speak with Dr. Billings, being male or just knowing a loved one was also treated in the referred facility. Another question will be, "Do you understand why treatment options need to be explained to patients?" Since the patient trusts me as a caregiver I will use the ethical consequentialism by explaining why her treatments and side effects to the medication she will be receiving is important, as well as the effects of no treatment if she chooses not to continue therapy.
             3. The ethical concepts highlighted in this case is self-determination, withholding treatment, and non -compliance to informed c...