ply management strategies because the more managers know about demand trends, the better their decisions are going to be. Finally, risk reduction strategies diminish exposure to the negative consequences of disequilibrium situations.
             Strategies for Handling Foreseen Disequilibrium Situations
             A disequilibrium situation can be either foreseen or unforeseen. When disequilibrium situations are foreseen, managers can use a wide variety of strategies to alleviate the temporary disparity. As illustrated in Figure 1, these strategies generally fall into two categories:
             1 input scheduling strategies (change supply to fit demand); and
             2 marketing mix strategies (change demand to fit supply).
             Disequilibrium situations also consist of two basic types, excess demand/slack supply or slack demand/excess supply. Thus, Table I and Table II present a two-by-two matrix of problem-solving strategies gleaned from a review of the literature and the authors' discussions with managers of service enterprises (see Heskett, 1986; Lee, 1989; Lovelock, 1988, Ch.
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