people are inconsistent and unreliable in their behavior (Goldner, Ritti, & Ference, 1977). Cynics often believe that there are hidden motives for actions, thus are unlikely to accept at face value the official rationale for organizational decisions. Cynics may feel contempt and anger toward their organization. They may also experience distress, disgust, and even shame when they think about their organization. Cynics may also express strong criticisms of the organization, which may take various forms, including explicit statements about the lack of honesty, sincerity, etc., on the part of the organization (Andersson, 1996). They may use sar-castic humor, or offer their own interpretations of organizational events, which assume a lack of integrity on the part of the organization. They may make pessimistic p
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