nstruction board about twelve inches long and three-eighths of an inch wide and slide into the dime slot as far as it would go. (Schwartau, 41) To make a call all you had to do was pick up the phone, wait for a dial tone, and put a penny in the nickel slot. The phone would register the penny as a dime and a free call could be made (Schwartau, 41). The curiosity of how the phone worked led to an interest in the computers that controlled the phones, which in turn led to hacking. Most of the earlier computer break-ins came from company employees seeking revenge or financial gain. For example, in 1971 disgruntled employees of the Honeywell Corporation disabled the Metropolitan Life computer network for a month. (Knittel, 14) And in 1973, a teller from the New York Dime Savings Bank was able to break through the computer system and steal $1 million dollars. (Knittel, 14) Though these were computer crimes, there were also earlier hacks that were beneficial.
             One of the most successful hacks in history was that of Apollo 13. (Schwartu, 8) When the astronauts were in space, they ran into some mechanical problems. The capsule was spinning out of control. The astronauts were losing their air supply and it was getting colder and colder. They were running out of time. Meanwhile, at the NASA headquarters in Houston, TX, one of the managers dragged a large box full of scrap parts, dumped it on the table and told the engineers "this is what they have up there. That's all they have. Now figure out how to save their lives." (Schwartau, 8) After hours of putting together different combinations of the parts, they finally created a temporary air filter, which would provide oxygen. Now that the air problem was solved, they had to come up with a source of power. Astronaut Ken Mattingly spent countless hours in a simulator measuring the power drain under every possible combination, finally reaching a sequence that would work. (Schwartau, 8) The reason that...