children "who had been
             killed, crudely dismembered, violently mutilated...every skull is smashed...every skull,
             regardless of age or sex, had the brain exposed...most of the bones also showed marks of
             cutting, chopping, dismemberment, butchering, defleshing, and roasting." (Preston 1998:
             78) This evidence was the first to ignite the controversy of cannibalism in the Southwest,
             and even possibly the abrupt end to the civilization.
             No one could believe such a thing could have occurred within the Hopi. It was
             denied and said that there had to be other reasons. Turner came right back around and
             gave more evidence of cannibalism. Turner was able to find many Anasazi sites that
             represent "'charnel deposits'- heaps of cannibalized remains." (Preston 1998: 79) Turner
             was able to identify thirty-eight of seventy-two sites as being those where cannibalism
             occurred. He later came with five characteristics that would appear in bone if it had been
             cooked or eaten which included: broken parts to gain marrow, cutting and sawing marks
             for butchering, "anvil abrasions," burn marks, and the vertebrae and spongy bone had to
             Though yet, another characteristic was evolved when Tim D. White found that
             some bones had a polish on the tip of them. He wondered if it was caused by boiling to
             gain fat from the bone. To test it, he boiled deer bones in a replica of the clay pots that
             the Anasazi would have used. It was boiled for about three hours and eventually, the fat
             did rise to the top. White used these bones to scrap
             ...