Cipher encryption could produce 400,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 possible keys. If an enemy code breaker were to check one of the 4.0 x 10 to the 26th possible keys every second, it would take roughly a billion times of the lifetime of the universe to check all of them and to decipher the message.
             The simplicity and strength of Julius? cipher was dominant during the time of the first millennium A.D. Code makers saw no need to develop any other ciphers. As time passed, the code breakers began to learn the weakness of the Caesar Cipher and used a combination of linguistics, statistics, and devotion to crack the code. The breakdown of the cipher called upon code makers to new and more improved encryption methods. Jumping ahead a number of centuries, encryption plays a critical role during World War II.
             During World War II, one of the most fearsome inventions was a typewriter called Enigma. Created by a German inventor named Arthur Scheribus, its purpose was to code German communications rendering them futile to Allied forces. The machine consisted of a combination of ingenious and intricate parts. The basic form of Enigma comprised of three basic elements connected by a series of wires. A keyboard for inputting plaintext letters, three scrambling units that encrypt each plaintext letter into corresponding ciphertext, and a display board consisting of various lamps for indicating the ciphertext letter. In order to encrypt a message, the operator had to enter the plaintext letter on the keyboard. This sent an electric impulse through the central scrambling unit and out the other side, where it illuminates the corresponding ciphertext letter on the lamp board.
             The most important of the pieces were the three scrambling units. After a letter is pressed on the keyboard, an electrical impulse was sent through wires entering the scrambler at six points and the impulse exited on the other end at another six points. After a letter is...