Pius IX was an ultra conservative, who favored a conservative Church and was against all religious liberalism. Through his papacy, Pope Pius IX did all that he could to get rid of liberal Catholicism, most notably publishing the Syllabus of Errors. (Bokenkotter T., 272)
             When Pius IX was first elected he lived up to his reputation of being a liberal. He issued a general pardon for political prisoners, for sharing the government of the Papal States with laymen and granted his subjects a constitution that set up a bicameral form of government whose lower house was elected by indirect suffrage. However Pope Pius had no intention of implementing liberal ideas on freedom of religion and he still refused to accord civil and political equality to Jews in the Papal States. (Bokenkotter T., 272)
             The conservative Pius was deeply disturbed by the liberal pronunciation of Doellinger. In response to Doellinger, he wrote that the Catholic scholar must be the subject to the ordinary teaching function of the Church and to the decrees of the Roman congregation. (Bokenkotter, 281) The Munich Congress and the assembly at Malines convinced Pius that the liberal virus was spreading throughout the Church. Pope Pius went on the offensive and issued a general condemnation of modern errors, including those associated with liberalism. In this condemnation, the Syllabus of Errors, he listed eighty errors, including rationalism, naturalism, a socialism that would subject the family totally to the state and liberal capitalism that had no other end than material gain. Pius also proved himself to be an ultra-conservative when he condemned the freedom of religion, progress and liberalism. (www.Americanpress.org)
             Pius was also was also one of the biggest supporters of ultramontanism. No one was more ultramontane than Pius IX himself. (Bokenkotter, 284) Pius used a definite strategy in order to further the cause of ultramontanism.
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