Frederick Griffith is a scientist that was trying to discover a vaccine for pneumonia. The reason for his experiment was to see if injections of heat killed virulent bacteria would kill the mice. He found that the mixture of live non-virulent bacteria and heat-killed bacteria would kill the mice. The result would be live encapsulated virulent bacteria. This experiment became known as transformation that was named the transforming factor.
             Along with O.T. Avery at Rockefeller university. He realized that the work that they figured out that from one gene of a species or bacteria cell could be passed on or could be inherited. By his discovery they found that DNA is made up of nucleotides each consisting of a Nitrogen base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
             His discovery was slowly recognized. Because of bacteria, they were considered prokaryotes and were considered lower and different. They thought that it was too simple that DNA consisted of only four different nucleotides.
             In 1952 Alfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase figured out what hereditary information directs the syntheses of new viruses within bacteria cells. The experiment were two separate phases one with DNA labeled the other with the protein labled. They found that 35s had remained outside the bacterial cells with the viral coats empty. For the 32 p had entered the cells, infected them and caused the new product of viral particles. That left DNA the only genetic material of bacteriophage.
             Alfred Mirsky found that somatic cells of a species contain equal amounts of DNA. But the cremates, however did not carry as much DNA as somatic cells they carried ½ the # of somatic cells. Erwin Chargaff made a second contribution to Mirshy's discovery. Chargaff analyzed the nitrogen bases of different living things and found that, the nitrogen bases do not occur equal. They vary from species to species. In his study of purines and pyrimidines the
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