nsplantation. The egg cell is then prompted to begin forming an embryo, either by an electric pulse or by the effects of a chemical culture. Once this happens, the embryo can be transplanted into a surrogate mother, an animal used to carry and give birth to embryos which are not its own. If all goes well and with a little luck, the surrogate mother will give birth to a perfect replica of the donor animal. This process is still used in many cloning laboratories around the world. Every cloning experiment involving adult mammals has employed it. Another similar technique was dubbed "twinning". This process is simply the act of splitting the cells of a young embryo, not to be confused with the complicated process of nuclear transfer
             Many scientists have studied and experimented with the science of cloning. The first to do so was an Austrian monk named Gregor Johann Mendel. He studied the pea plants in his garden at the monastery over a century and a half ago. He began experimentation in 1856, and eight years later, he established the basic laws of heredity. He observed that specific characteristics of the plants [such as height and color] were passed from parent plants to new plants. Mendel assumed a pair of factors, one factor from each parent, controlled the appearance of a characteristic. These factors became known as genes. Before the time of Mendel, ideas about heredity were based on speculation and superstition. He has become a historical asset to the world of modern science and technology. Dr. Steen Willadsen, another cloning expert and pioneer, developed the modern fundamental methods for the cloning of animals. He says, "From my perspective, it's just a matter of time [before the first human is cloned]." Willadsen said he had no moral issues with cloning. "It is not for me, as a person who invents techniques, to say how we should use them." F. C Steward, who was the director of the Laboratory for Cell Physiology, G...