al structure that provides solutions to problems that
             people have never seen and may never encounter ( Cavanaugh & Blanchard- Fields, 2002).
             However, it is thought that not all people attain full formal operational thinking (Kodat,
             2002). Most studies show only thirty sixty percent of adults reaches the formal
             operational stage (Cavanaugh & Blanchard -Fields, 2002).
             Kramer, on the other hand, identified three distinct styles of adult or postformal thinking:
             absolutist, relativistic, and dialectical (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2002). Absolutist
             thinking involves firmly believing that there is only one correct solution to problems and that
             personal experience provides truth. Adolescents and young adults typically think this way.
             Relativistic thinking involves realizing that there are many sides to any issue and that the right
             answer depends on the circumstances. Young and early middle-aged adults often think
             relativistically. One potential danger here is that relativistic thinking can lead to cynicism.
             Relativistic thinking involves reasoning things out on a case by case basis based on the
             Situation. Individuals are not likely to be committed to any one position. The final step,
             dialectical thinking, clears up this problem. Dialectical thinkers see the merits in the different
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