from discriminating based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It also specifically declares that nothing in the act is designed to grant preferential treatment to any group based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Senator Hubert Humphrey, the Civil Rights Act chief sponsor declared during the Senate debate, "The title does not provide that any preferential treatment shall be given to Negroes or to any group or persons. The bill would prohibit preferential treatment for any particular group." In the Interpretative Memorandum of Title VII, Senators Clark and Case, were adamant in denying any hidden meanings in the act. "There is no requirement in Title VII that an employer maintain a racial balance in his work force," they argued, "On the contrary, any deliberate attempt to maintain a racial balance, whatever such a balance may be, would involve a violation of Title VII, because maintaining such a balance would require an employer to hire or to refuse to hire on the basis o
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