Transcription is the production of a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) by a particular sequence of DNA. Transcription occurs in a cells nucleus in an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The first step in transcription is initiation. In this step RNA polymerase recognizes a promoter (start signal) in front of a gene and attaches to that strand of DNA. The next step is elongation in which the DNA strand is opened while RNA nucleotides recognize the DNA and form a strand of RNA that elongates in to the cell nucleus. As the DNA exits the RNA polymerase it reattached together. The RNA polymerase then comes to a terminator at the end of the gene and detaches from the DNA. The lose RNA strand can now go outside of the Cell nucleus and into the cytoplasm to start the next half of the process.
             Translation is the transfer of information in the RNA into a protein. This step occurs in a ribosome which is in the cytoplasm. The ribosome is made up of protein and is divided into two sites. The first step of translation is initiation in which an mRNA is brought into the bottom half of the ribosome. the mRNA comes into the ribosome and a tRNA attaches at a site called the start codon and forms 1 amino acid. Now the top half of the ribosome comes down to form a functional ribosome with two sites the P and A sites. The tRNA that is attached to the start codon is in the p site. The next step is elongation. In this step a different tRNA recognizes the next codon and moves into the a site and produces an amino acid. Now the first tRNA leaves the p site and the second tRNA moves over and accepts the amino acid from the first. Next a tRNA recognizes the next codon and moves into the a site. Then it moves to the p site and accepts the amino acids from the last tRNA. This process continues in a cycle until a stop codon reaches the a site. The amino acid chain breaks free to form a protein.
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