only objects of art. There was no orientation toward experimental sciences in the modern sense, nor were there any scientific production methods. For the most part, mechanical inventions were devised to illustrate science, to show the power of scientific demonstrations, or to amaze the public with little or no cultural impact. The progress of medieval technology was constrained. The craftsman was hidebound, working exactly as his forefathers had, using their experience as a guide. Fearful of competition, innovations and inventions were opposed. They were viewed as repugnant or as encroaching. Inventors were persecuted and their inventions were banned along with the products based on them, as well as advertising for them, especially if they promised goods for prices lower than those set by the guilds of that day. One example is a declaration of a municipal council in Cologne, France in 1412: "Let it be known that a Walter Kesenger came to us with a proposal to build a wheel for spinning silk threads. After deliberation and discussion with their friends, the council has found that many people in our city who spin silk for a living would be ruined. It has therefore been declared that no spinning wheel shall be built and installed, now or at any time hereafter," (unknown). We thank God that technology eventually came to be a possibility in the Renaissance. Technology eventually joined craftsman, scientist and engineer and it became common for an inventor to claim rights.
             At the end of the twentieth-century, we see technology as something without which, we can not live. Through highly sophisticated technological systems, humankind is not only able to create new realities, but our technology has taken on a life of itself and is recreating humankind. Technology has joined forces with experimental science and through this joint venture, we are able, willing, and even excited to manipulate nature. We have developed all kinds o...