Controversies Between Church and State During the Middle Ages, church and state leaders had many battles. Some who were involved were Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV and Pope Gregory VIII; King II and Archbishop Thomas Becket; King Philip IV and Pope Bonifa...

War, What is it Good For? "O bravest of knights, descendants of unconquered ancestors, do not be weaker than they, but remember their courage....Set out on the road to the holy sepulchre, take the land from that wicked people, and make it your own....Set out on this journey and you will ob...

Defending Martin Luther I. The Catholic Church and its problems In the beginning of the 16th century Western Europe only had one religion, Catholicism. The Catholic Church was very powerful and rich. The church made practices to impose reforms and the lax practices had grown up in the church. Ch...

Crusades In the Middle Ages, Christians considered Palestine the Holy Land because it was where Jesus had lived and taught. The Arabs had conquered Palestine in the 600s. Most Arabs were Muslims, but they usually tolerated other religions. Jews and Christians who paid their taxes and obse...