The breakup of the Former Soviet Union has forced those now independent states into a state of confusion. Republics that were once one nation now are separate governments. They now must compete for trade alliances, industrial resources, financial resources, and most importantly, agricultural resou...

World War II in Europe Before dawn on September 1, 1939, German forces crossed into Poland in an attack so fast and brutal, they called it blitzkrieg, meaning lightning war. This time Britain and France decided to fight, and on September 3 they declared war on Germany. Roosevelt declared the Uni...

Climate Mild. The sea winds of Estonia help keep the weather from becoming very cold or hot. Temperatures average from about 19 to 28 F in January, and from 61 to 64 F in July. Estonia receives an average of about 19 to 23 inches of rain annually. Land Estonia consists of low plains. Farmland...

In August 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met secretly in the Atlantic Sea abroad a warship anchored in a secure anchorage at Argentina, Newfoundland (located on Placentia Bay). Roosevelt had traveled to Argentina aboard the heavy cruiser USS Augusta w...

In the years immediately following World War II, the United States was confronted with an ill equipped submarine force unprepared to face the new challenges of the Cold War. In response to the emerging threat, the United States Navy developed the Skipjack class of nuclear powered submarines. Among...

Halford Mackinder created what is now known as "geopolitics," which relates international political power to the physical setting (Gray 4). Ultimately, Mackinder recognized recurring patterns in the power of landed countries, and he predicted the world's most powerful nations would be thos...

War: Why wars occur Most wars result from a combination of causes. Three of the most common causes are conflicts over resources, clashing ideologies, and struggles over power. Conflicts over resources are the most basic and enduring causes of war. Resources include land, minerals, energy sou...

In Russia Bolsheviks established concentration camps for suspected counter revolutionists in 1918. During the 20's, criminals were held in the Northern Special Purpose Camps in the Solovetskie Islands in the White Sea and near Arkhangel'sk; while in the 30's and 40's a system of...

Russian Prison/Labor Camps Following the Bolshevik takeover of the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Soviets dismantled the broad spy networks of the czarist secret police, the Okhrana, but the new government kept all essential functions of that organization in place, replacing the c...

a Conference Yalta Conference was one of the most important meetings of key Allied leaders during World War II. These leaders were President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Britain, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union. Their counties became ...

The Germans plan was to send two simultaneous attacks to capture the rich southern oil field of Stalingrad. Hitler wasn't moved by his generals warnings that his armies were not strong enough to carry both objectives at the same time. This massive military offensive was called Operation Blue. ...

Battle of Stalingrad By David Rorex, Daniel Robbins, Anthony Yarbrough, and Ian Gelig In the early month of 1942, Germany broke its non-aggression pact with Russia and Hitler ordered his army to sweep east to Stalingrad, and south to Astrakan, Grozny, and to the Caspian Sea. The large military off...

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GLOBALIZATION Has Globalization gone too far? Many believe that the new global economy generates a race to the bottom in labor, economic, and social standards. Globalization is the process by which events in distant places affect people's lives and their opportunities. Trade and finance...

How Stalin Used the Four Techniques of a Dictator A dictatorship is a system of government where the power is centralized. There are four techniques dictators use to be successful; indoctrination, controlled participation, scapegoating and force. Using these four techniques, dictators can achie...

Key Areas of Concern: The recently released 9/11 Commission Report outlined forty-one specific recommendations necessary to protect the United States from threats to the safety and welfare of American citizens in the twenty first century. President Bush responded by announcing...

In this essay, I am going to talk about the breakup of the Soviet Union and all of the events that took place before, during, and after the split. I will look into the C.I.S (Commonwealth of Independent States), the Government, the economy, and the conflicts of the former U.S.S.R. In July of 1991, ...

In the early 1950's Australia was rocked by the largest spy scandal in its history. In April 1954, a Soviet operative called Vladimir Petrov defected to Australia. His wife Evdokia followed him soon thereafter. It was an instant news sensation worldwide. What made it even more appealing as a ne...

Man's desire to rule the skies has been the driving force behind one of his greatest adventures. In prehistoric times birds and dragonlike flying reptiles sailed through the air. When man appeared on Earth, he watched and envied the birds flying in the sky.Early man also wondered about the sm...

Vladimir Lenin, a political leader of the Russian revolution was born on the 20th of April 1870, in the Russian town of Simbirisk. His real name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. He was the third child in a family of six. His father was a school inspector and they lived comfortably, They had a pleasant...

One of the greatest political leaders of the Russian revolution was born on April 22nd, 1870, in the town of Simbirisk in Russia. His name was Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin. He was the third child in a family of six. His father was a school inspector and his mother was a very well kn...

Chechnya is a small republic consisting of Muslims and is located in the Caucasus Mountains. Its population is 1.3 million which makes up 1% of the entire Russian Federation population, from which the republic is trying to secede. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, many territories declared inde...

The History Of Poland As An Independent Nation Poland is a land of beautiful countryside and rapidly growing cities. Along with the colorful landscape, Poland also has a very colorful history. The 1795 partition of Poland among Russia, Prussia, and Austria wiped the nation from the map. Pol...