f stress into medical usage. He defined stress as "the rate of wear and tear of the body." Stress is also defined as the body's normal response to anything that disturbs its natural physical, emotional, or mental balance (Bruno 1995).
The circumstances that cause stress are known as stressors. They vary in severity and duration. For example, the responsibility of caring for a sick child may be a constant source of major stress, whereas standing in a long line at the bank may cause mild, short-term stress. Some events are stressful for everyone. In other situations, individuals may respond differently to the same event-what is a stressor for one person may not be stressful for another. For an event or situation to be a stressor for a particular individual, the person must appraise the situation as threatening and lack the coping resources to deal with it effectively.
Stressors can be classified into three general categories: catastrophic events, major life changes, and daily hassles. In addition, simply thinking about unpleasant past events or anticipating unpleasant future events can cause stress for many people.
People respond to stress differently, but there is a consensus that stress has a negative impact on the body and health. A person who is stressed typically has anxious thoughts and difficulty concentrating or remembering. Stress can also change outward behaviors. Teeth clenching, hand wringing, pacing, nail biting, and heavy breathing are common signs of stress. People also feel physically different when they are stressed. Butterflies in the stomach, cold hands and feet, dry mouth, and increased heart rate are all physiological effects of stress that we associate with the emotion of anxiety.
The main problems associated with stress on the body are can be categorized as Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioural and Emotional (Matteson & Ivancevich 1987).
Physiological the physical response to stress ...