ddress crime indirectly by trying to alter general social background
             conditions that are thought to cause crime, with the intent of eventually
             reducing the likelihood of crime, nuisance, behavior, and fear (Brantingham
             To date, the majority of crime prevention efforts have tended to be
             generic in form and general in scope, and have been founded on standardized
             approaches or programs that are targeted at altering one or two factors
             that are considered to be related to criminality or crime. For instance,
             mass media campaigns and public education programs are targeted at large
             numbers of people based on the assumption that changing the general
             public's knowledge about crime will beneficially alter both victim and
             offender behavior (Brantingham & Brantingham 1990).
             The employment of entertainment media to promote prosocial messages
             is generally referred to as the "entertainment-education strategy" in mass
             communication (Brown & Singhal 1993). "A prosocial message is defined as
             any communication that depicts cognitive, affective, and behavioral
             activities considered to be socially desirable or preferable by most
             members of a society" (Rushton 1982:474). Other prevention efforts have
             focused on removing the source of contributing factors. For example,
             suggestions for crime prevention efforts in the past have included redesign
             of parks to reduce nuisance behavior (that is, conflict between children
             and adolescents and adults); the straightening of streets in some locations
             to in order to reduce the incidence of drunk driving accidents; the
             introduction of several non-criminogenic attractors for teenagers (i.e.,
             "midnight" basketball); and numerous other changes to reduce vandalism by
             changing the paths of adolescent behaviors (Brantingham & Brantingham
             Ethical Considerations in Developing Prosocial Media Campaigns. The
             systematic use of the media to promote social chang...