n, Nelson, & Skon, 1981).
If the student made it past the introductory level with a clear
knowledge of what was taught in the course, it was often much easier for
that student to continue learning and to pick up much more information
(Johnson, Maruyama, Johnson, Nelson, & Skon, 1981). However, learning the
basics and the introductory issues in a course such as statistics was very
difficult and therefore the area of most concern for those who were
attempting to change some of the issues in education (Johnson, Maruyama,
Johnson, Nelson, & Skon, 1981). Various types of changes were advocated,
and these included utilizing real data sets and incorporating topics that
were currently in the news and relied strongly on statistics and
profitability (Johnson, Maruyama, Johnson, Nelson, & Skon, 1981).
These were both worthy ideas, but a great deal of attention was also
given to utilizing cooperative techniques in small groups as a way to help
improve the learning experience that individuals had where statistics were
concerned (Johnson, Maruyama, Johnson, Nelson, & Skon, 1981). Teamwork,
especially in courses for beginners, was one of the issues that individuals
who studied this area saw as most important (Johnson, Maruyama, Johnson,
Other studies have indicated that students who worked together in
small groups and actively involved themselves in the construction of
knowledge tended to learn better than those who simply remained in standard
classroom instruction where a teacher explained to them what it is that
they need to be doing and then they go and practice it (Dietz, 1993).
There are some essential components when it comes to cooperative learning
and these are important to make note of here (Dietz, 1993).
When cooperative learning is utilized, individuals work in small
groups in face-to-face situations usually utilizing between 2 and 5
individuals (Dietz, 1993). ...