imposed a new constitution that centralized government and
             largely dismantled the sovereignty of the cantons. This occupation of
             Switzerland was highly ineffective and wildly unpopular with the Swiss.
             This occupation had turned Switzerland into the battle ground between
             France and Austria. The Swiss were constantly under siege from Austrian
             troops. When the war finally shifted to France, the Swiss refused to come
             to the aid of their polis and they revolted against French troops in still
             in Switzerland. Napoleon Bonaparte, then first consul of France, called on
             representatives from the Swiss Cantons to meet in Paris in 1803 to
             negotiate a solution. This led to the Act of Mediation, which restored
             sovereignty to the individual Cantons and to the Swiss Confederation.
             After Napoleon Bonaparte loses at Waterloo the world order begins to
             stabilize. The Swiss had failed to remain neutral after being annexed into
             France and fighting against Austria. Before that, they had failed to remain
             neutral in the Holy Roman Empire, despite having their established
             neutrality at the Peace of Westphalia. In this new world order the Swiss,
             having been invaded by all its neighbors, would want no part of the wars of
             other countries. Thusly, when the time came to write into the new
             international law, at the Congress of Vienna, Switzerland made sure to
             insist on its own sovereignty and neutrality. On May 20th of 1815 the
             Treaty of Paris was signed by the European powers, Austria, France, Great
             Britain, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, Spain and Sweden. They agreed to
             permanently recognize Switzerland as independent and neutral nation.
             The end of the entirely centralized Helvetic Empire's constitution
             left Switzerland politically polarized. Young Switzerland, a growing
             liberal political party, pushes for a separation of church and state and
             popular sovereignty among the entire federation rather than just cantonal
             ...