d Second Lyon Councils, the Vienne Council, the Constance Council, the Florence Council and the Fifth Lateran Council.
             Mass and liturgical celebrations were at their height. Bishops, monks and friars celebrated the Eucharist in the auspices of the lavishly decorated and colossal churches and cathedrals. The celebration occurred in the opulence of the joint patronage between the state and the religious leaders. The Mass took place in public spaces, turning the Eucharist into a fundamentally urban affair. People celebrated many hours of the day transforming cities into noisy public celebration. A source from Yale university states: "The cities of the Roman empire [was transformed into] powerful symbols of redeemed space and time" (2013). The church that was born out of the conversion of an emperor now became a dominant institution in the empire. No one could stop its influence in the spiritual, social and cultural life of the people.
             Monks were central to the development of the spiritual, cultural and tech
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