hich are:
             1. a lowering of tolerance to crime and deviance;
             2. the use of punitive, somewhat drastic measures to achieve this;
             3. a return to perceived past levels of respectability, order and civility;
             4. the awareness of the continuum between incivilities and crime with both low spectrum 'quality of life' rule breaking and serious crimes being considered problems;
             5. the belief that there is a relationship between crime and incivilities in that incivilities unchecked, by various routes, give rise to crime.
             Moreover, Braithwaite (1992) suggests that the most serious crime problems in contemporary societies are precisely the crime problems we are in the best position to reduce.
             An example of this call for tougher sentencing and tougher laws for those convicted of crimes, is found through Labor leader Bob Carr during his electoral run. Mr Carr seized any opportunity to state his opinion and stance toward tougher sentencing and zero tolerance issues, an example quoting "And today we're announcing serious, detailed and comprehensive policy on community safety that deals with the causes of crime and makes no apologies for being tough with offenders, and imposing responsibilities on offenders." Furthermore, the reporter of the story, ABC's Peta Donald, added to the Labor leader's list of claims. "The four-year, 40 million-dollar plan promises extra money for housing prisoners, in an attempt to not only keep them off the streets, but also to deter them from offending again." (http://www.abc.net.au/pm/s800656.htm)
             Additionally, the opposition provided a similar stance to toughness on crime, in response to Labor's plans. "From the Opposition, keen to be the toughest on crime, there were no accolades." (http://www.abc.net.au/pm/s800656.htm)
             Although these stances may be welcomed up by the media and the receiving public, those not running for election yet still existing in...