push and persuade them to perform. Simply put, intrinsic value vs. external factors.
             q Maslow's Hierarchy of Need: This motivational theory was based on human behavior, and was conducted between 1939-43. His theory was that humans have five basic needs to achieve, or "they will not be healthy and well-adjusted" (Greenberg 1999). Maslow arranged the needs in order of importance, the most important being physical needs, food and shelter. When these are satisfied they are replaced by the need to be secure from danger or deprivation. When this need is fulfilled, it is replaced by the need for acceptance and belonging. Self-esteem follows this need, and finally the need for self-actualization or a desire for self-fulfillment occurs. This last one represents the need for individuals to attain self-development and job satisfaction. Management reward systems in the past, have attempted to satisfy an individual's lower level needs for safety and physical security, as well as deprivation. Management reward systems should be trying to satisfy the individual's ac!
             q Hawthorne Experiments: George Elton Mayo conducted certain experiments in Chicago between 1924-27 on human behavior, and the physical surroundings of the work environment. The Point was to discover a connection between productivity and the physical environment (intensity of light in room). After experimenting on different groups of workers, Mayo concluded that while making individuals feel special motivates them to do their best, work is a group activity. The social world of an adult is mostly about work activity, and the need for recognition, security and a sense of belonging is more important when determining worker morale and productivity. Informal groups within an organization are usually stronger than any change of the physical work condition (Nahavandi 1999).
             q McGregor's Theory X & Theory Y: These theories are about the behavior of the individual at work. T...