ty (Cahn 1). Two years later Johnson amended his
             order to include affirmative action to benefit women (Skyes 1). Also,
             the Public Works Employment Act of 1977 began the concept of
             "set-asides", an idea that required the government to set-aside 10% of
             its funds to contract minority companies for government projects (Murry
             5). The actions of Kennedy, Johnson and Congress forever changed the
             With the foundation for affirmative action set, court cases
             began to further shape the program. Despite the Brown decision, schools
             were not "deliberate" in integration, particularly in southern states.
             As a result the Swann v. the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
             Supreme Court case followed in 1971 (Banfield 8). This case was an
             appeal to an earlier judgment at the federal court level. The Supreme
             Court chose to uphold the prior decision of Judge James McMillan
             (Banfield 8). McMillan had ordered the complete desegregation of
             schools by the fall of 1970, a new precedent (Banfield 8). No other
             court had ever set an actual date for
             ...