Communal conflicts are fought over territorial claims and competing identities with opposing views. Nye claims that since the demise of the Soviet Union, identity among individuals, groups and nations have clashed causing major conflicts. However, Nye differs from arguments proposed by Huntington. Unlike Huntington, Nye believes the clashes among competing identities occur within civilizations rather than between them. He illustrates that "[t]he Iran-Iraq War was between states within the Islamic world" and also observes Huntington's statement of Africa pertaining to one of the civilizations, "yet the largest number of current wars are within Africa." (Nye, 597) Much of the susceptible states are vulnerable to communal conflicts. These are known as "fail states" and Nye says these states never had strong central governments and strong economic, political departments. He suggests that among these failed states are Afghanistan, Angola, Africa and Cambodia. While communal conflicts are least threatening, they
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