Nicholas II, 1868-1918 (r.1894-1917), was the son of Alexander Iii. As a youth he received little training in affairs of state. His reign continued the suppression of political opposition and persecution of minorities. Revolutionary groups proliferated, while liberals demanded constitutional governm...

The Hundred Years' War had distant and immediate causes. In 1259, France and England signed the Treaty of Paris. This main point of the treaty was the English king agreed to become vassal of the French crown for the duchy of Aquitaine. The English claimed Aquitaine as an ancient inheritance. ...

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman was sworn into office on April 12, 1945 as the thirty-third President of the United States of America. He did not win an election, but he was the Vice President under President Franklin Roosevelt who had died so Harry Truman became President. On August 6, 1...

Throughout history, the loser had always been the ultimate evil, especially in a world war, in Germany's case. However, it is true that Germany did have voluminous responsibilities of starting the war, although she was not the one who sparked off the initial dispute. She was taking part...

On January 1,1999, the world witnessed a change never seen before: eleven nations of the European Union fixed their currencies to each other and established the world's first common currency, the Euro. The creation of a single European currency will be the most important development in the int...

In 1962, Cuban leaders became convinced that the United States was planning an attack on Cuba. Cuban leaders asked the U.S.S.R. for more military aid. The U.S.S.R. responded by sending missiles and materials to build launch sites. In October of that year, U.S. intelligence produced evide...

Ferdinand Porsche Ferdinand Porsche was born on September 3, 1875. Always interested in things mechanical, at the age of 15 he equipped his family's home with electricity, designing and building the generator and even the light bulb. The name Porsche first appeared on a car in 1900...

Courage is a feeling that can only come from within. It cannot be learned, and it cannot be received from another person. Perhaps one of the most powerful examples of this is World War II. Hitler completely destroyed the lives of many Jews. Families were separated, killed, starved, and forced to...

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was with no doubt President at the worst time in American history. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President through not one but two American crisis the Great Depression and World War II. His dealings with both of them were incredible. The nations' people bestowed their ...

Milgram's Experiment: Obedience to authority is a basic tenant of any human social organization. Virtually every society has developed some sort of hierarchy in which some individuals exercise a degree of authority over others. In our society for example, teachers have authority over their ...

Many Americans have skewed notions about immigration, and those perceptions influence decision in Washington and presidential candidates on the campaign trail. Some people think immigration is out of control; a few suggest that it should be stopped altogether. The problem is that many people have il...

William Golding's 202-page novel published in 1954, Lord of the Flies, tells a story about a group of boys that are stranded on an island during World War II. These children must survive on a scarce amount of food, small area for living, and getting along with each other, including "the...

Henrick Ibsen once said that, " The strongest man in the world is he who stands alone." A man with the greatest power and strength is the loneliest man. There is rarely anyone who can match his capability and ability. Even though the man receives respect from people around him andis ...

Into the Woods Into the woods is about different fairy tales that are brought together in a mystical, very intriguing fashion. There are several fairy tales that are intertwined to come together and create one big fairy tale. Each play crosses the other plays paths influencing each other&a...

Clint Eastwood and Kevin Costner have done their share to resurrect the Western genre. TOMBSTONE (Hollywood Pictures) is a highly watchable entry, commercial enough to lasso contemporary audiences. It is excessively violent, but the updating for younger viewers is fairly palatable. Youngish Kurt R...

Michelangelo's future was shaped to a large degree by his life in Lorenzo's household. When Lorenzo died in 1942 at the age of 43, Michelangelo designed the tombs for Lorenzo as well as his brother, Guiliano de Medici. The two complex tombs were conceived as representing opposite types. Loren...

From 1939-1945 there was a disasterous war that would change the way countries around the world looked at each other forever, this war was World War 2. The one major turning point of this war was the bombing on Hiroshima. Proubably the most stunning thing that has ever happened on t...

Despite Canada's obvious disadvantage given it's sizen as well as the youth and inexperience of it's soldiers, Canada was automatically entered into global conflict along side the British in 1914. The given circumstances lead to over 60,000 deaths through out the course world war one. Young Ca...

Reconstruction Reconstruction is the rebuilding process that followed the American Civil War. The war lasted from 1861-1865 and at thet end of the war many questions concerning the South and slavery were left unanswered. These problems were what to do about the relationship between the Union and ...

For a period of thirteen days in October of 1962 the United States held its breath in fear of nuclear war. The Cuban missile crisis is considered by most to be the closest two countries came to nuclear war, apart from the nuclear bombing of Japan. The Cuban missile crisis was a major confrontation...

Under the Government there are three branches that each have individual powers. These three branches are the executive, judicial ,and the legislative branch. These branches have seperated powers. The executive branch carries out the laws. The judicial branch checks the laws. The legislative branch ...

Citizens, I do not Dislike Emilian Valerius, in fact i'm sure he is a wonderful, well meaning fellow, In fact I agree with some of his ideas, such as Italian Citizenship but there we cease to agree. I belive we MUST fight. We fight not because we want to, we fight because we have to. As long as we a...

Webster-Ashburton Treaty: Daniel Webster was motivated to settle the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. In 1783, a treaty had been made that awarded the U.S. all land in the area drained by rivers flowinginto the Atlantic instead of into the St. Lawrence. However, the diction of this t...

Japanese – American Relations Japan had aided in the defeat of Germany by Allied powers, and the Americans seemed to them by preaching self- determination and an open door policy (Goldstein 35). Woodrow Wilson believed that Japand's entry into World War I, and its intervention during ...

The economy of the 1920's centred on the recovery from war. When war time industries closed down, and thousands of returning soldiers were looking for jobs, no jobs and people looking for jobs made for lots of unemployment. But by the time the 1920's rolled along, the economy was on the upswing....