During the outbreak of World War I, Italy remained a neutral state, many socialists including Benito Mussolini at the time believed that war was imperialistic and contrary to working class interests. The Italian government intrigued by the territorial lands they would acquire through the tre...

Controversies Between Church and StateDuring the Middle Ages, church and state leaders had many battles. Some who were involved were Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV and Pope Gregory VIII; King II and Archbishop Thomas Becket; King Philip IV and Pope Boniface VIII. ...

The Christian Church in the Middle Ages played a significant role in society. Unfortunately though, the church is often regarded as the capital of corruption, evil, and worldliness. Today, so many people depict the medieval church as being led by materialistic popes, devouring tithes from poverty-st...

The Reformation in Europe resulted in a movement that divided European Christianity into Catholicism and Protestantism. It shattered Europe's religious unity, it connected with new ideals which were relationships among God, the individual, and lastly society. This religious fragmentation i...

Introduction: At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Catholic Church, modeled upon the bureaucratic structure of the Holy Roman Empire, has become extremely powerful, but internally corrupt. From early in the twelfth century onward there were calls for reform. Between 1215 and 1545 nine ...

The Christian Church is an instrument of salvation and represents the Body of Christ through its saving mission of Christ himself. Salvation is an evident expression of God's mercy. The church is able to continue with Christ through the incarnation due to it being an extension of his body. T...

Religion With the coming of the Renaissance came the corruption of the Catholic Church. Many people began to question the lifestyles of the Church leaders and also the teaching's of the Church. Leaders were supposed to guide the people and set an example of God's wo...

What does Donne tell the reader about his religion and attitude to the two established Churches in his sonnets? Refer to Sonnet 18 and at least one other poem in your answer. John Donne was born into a prosperous Roman Catholic family during the reign of Elizabeth I, when England was anti-Cathol...

Martin Luther was a monk in the Holy Roman Empire. Luther had paved the way to question the church which eventually led to the Protestant Reformation. His views on Christianity appealed to many people, but they were a threat to the Roman Catholic Church, thus causing much commotion throughout the ...

How and why did the views of Luther and Galileo threaten the Catholic Church? Luther and Galileo were two very different extraordinary men with their own mindsets. They were very threatening to the Catholic Church. The things that they believed and that were published were questioning the ch...

Fundamentalism Fundamentalism is a term popularly used to describe strict adherence to Christian doctrines based on a literal interpretation of the Bible. This usage derives from late 19th and early 20th century Protestant ministers and scholars who used the term to reference their commitment to fu...

Christianity is very practical. It is not a dead, dry, formal, human religion of rituals, outward form, and show, but a divine, living, vital, dynamic, liberating religion. The word Christian means, "Christ like", or "One follows Christ". Jesus Christ, who laid the foundation of Christian Church, w...

The Crusades began formally on Tuesday, November 27, 1095, in a field just outside the walls of the French city of Clermont-Ferrand. On that day Pope Urban II preached a speech to crowds of laypeople attending a Church council at Clermont. In his speech, the pope outlined a plan for a Crusade and ca...

Assess the condition of the Roman Catholic Church on the eve of the reformation. In the 1400 - 1500's there were many changes that took place. These changes were religious, political, social and economical. In the 1500, a large part of Europe was Christian. Muslims were common too though, espec...

The Renaissance, which began in Italy in 1300s, was one of the largest periods of growth and development in Western Europe. The increase in trade caused an abundance in wealth that resulted in the focusing on the arts. Such things as literature, paintings, sculptures and many more works are known ...

Throughout the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church continued to assert itsprimacy of position. The growth of the papacy had paralleled the growth of thechurch, but by the end of the Middle Ages challenges to papal authority fromthe rising power of monarchical states had resulted in a loss of papal tem...

Lumen Gentium, arguably the most significant document to emerge from Vatican II in 1964, symbolizes a new turn in Catholicism, changing the way the Catholic Church views itself and its relationship to its world. Throughout Lumen Gentium, phrases such as "proclaiming... to every creature," ...

Contents Page Page 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Methodology 3 2.1 Primary Resources 3 2.2 Secondary Resources 3 2.3 Interviews 3 2.4 Report on Local Community 3 3.0 Body of Report 4 3.1 Narrative Dimension 4-5 3.2 Stances within the Ministerial Pr...

Recognition of past mistakes has led the church to better practices and pastoral care. The events of the Second Vatican Council have shown that the church is willing to look at its problems and past mistakes and then attempt to solve them. By recognizing that what they were doing was alienating thei...

The Crusades One great theme of the middle ages would have to be the crusades and how they changed history in many different ways. The crusades changed a lot of things about society in that day including helping trade and also sparking interest in other cultures which paved the way for the renaiss...

The Protestant Reformation started in the 1500's when the Church started giving indulgences, or pardons for their sins, when someone gave money. The Catholic Church had always taught that when people die they cannot enter heaven before suffering some form of punishment for their sins in purgatory (...

Throughout history, there have been few men that have dedicated their lives to religious criticism and reformation; three such men are Martin Luther, François Marie Arouet (also known as Voltaire), and Christopher Marlowe. Each of these men is famous for their deeds, however, the route by...

What authority does the prince hold if ruled by a power other than god himself? In Martin Luther's writings "Against the Authority of the Catholic Church", he rejects the Popes claims that religious authority is superior to secular authority and provides the argument for Germany to s...

(This is about the Protestant Reformation, i believed that it has always existed strictly as a political event)Politics and ReligionPolitical and social struggles causes many religious uprising. Even though Religious Reformations are major breakthroughs in the Catholic Church, its premises remained ...

Roots of Individualism in EuropeDuring the Middle Ages, independent thought was viewed disdainfully. Almost any idea deviating from the status quo, largely determined by the Roman Catholic Church, was condemned as heresy. One convicted of such a grievous offense was often excommunicated or killed,...