What is the Human Genome Project? To understand the HGP one must know what a genome is. A genome is all the DNA in an organism including its genes. The genes carry information for making all the proteins needed by all organisms. The proteins establish what the organisms look like, how it fights infe...

I grew up in a time and place where faith existed but was never questioned. After all, when you're a kid, adults tell you that Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, the Tooth Fairy and God are all real. And that believing in them would get you gifts, baskets of candy, money, and someone who could help you...

Deoxyribonucleic Acid, DNA for short, is a molecule that has been one of the biggest mysteries of modern science. What is its structure? Does it contain the genetic code and if it does how is it used? These are some of the questions that puzzled scientist in the early fifties. Many scientists tried ...

Theories Of The UniverseIn Stephen Hawking's essay "Is Everything Determined?" he discusses his thoughts on how things are determined in society. Arguments arose in recent times that determinism has been based on science. It almost seems as if a set of laws exist that govern how the universe devel...

Proof Of The Exsistence of God Either God exists or He doesn't. There is no middle ground. Any attempt to remain neutral in relation to God's existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. It is far from a moot question, for if God does exist, then nothing else really matters; if He does not e...

Erwin ChargaffErwin Chargaff, born 1905 in Czernowiz, Austria, was a pioneer in biochemistrycontributing to the understanding of DNA. He, in 1928, earned his doctoral degree inchemistry at the University of Vienna's Spath's Institute in 1928. Erwin began his careerin biochemistry at Yale Universit...

Rosalind Franklin was born in London, England on July twenty-fifth, nineteen hundred and twenty. She was raised in a well-to-do Jewish family and that provided her with an exceptional educational back round in Physics and Chemistry at St. Paul's Girls' School and Cambridge University. Franklin pro...

Secrets of a Salty Survivor The Dead Sea is known for its high salt concentration which inhibits life for most organisms. The high salt concentration damages the organism's DNA by depriving the cell from the water they need to keep the structure of its double helix, leading to a faulty DNA s...

The Family Curse Every family has a curse, and mine is no different. My father's bloodline carries PKD: Polycystic Kidney Disease. I did not ask to be born with it, just as my father had not, but genetics had other ideas. This disease has taken my grandfather and my father's health. At the...

A Feminist Encounter of the Eleventy-Billionth Kind... Whoa...In the distant future of a parallel universe to the first star on the right and straight on til' something, there is an alternate Earth, or, as the inhabitants of the planet call it, U.T.E.R.U.S.(P.), the acronym standing for; Utopia Tan...

Implications of Neanderthal-Homo Sapiens Hybrid from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Portugal) In a recent excavation at Abrigo do Lagar Velho in Portugal, Duarte et al (1999) unearthed what was later to be recognized as early human skeletal remains which pointed to interbreeding between Neanderthal and ...

In this letter we manifest our concern on recent recombinant DNA experiments. Its purpose is to direct the government's attention to such activities. Recombinant DNA consists of artificially making modifications to the DNA genome of a living organism in order to get a specimen with desired feat...

Cloning is a process used to obtain an identical organism asexually. The clone it produces does not only look and think like its donor, its DNA is identical. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the substance that contains the genetic information for most organisms. In other words, it con...

On February 22, 1996, Ian Wilmut brought cloning of animals to our attention, when the first animal was successfully cloned, on that history-making day the cloned sheep named Dolly was born. Wilmut took a cell from the udder of a six-year -old ewe and sparked a jolt of electricity to fuse it to the...

I. Description A. Nature of Work Marine Biology also refers to Biological Sciences or Biological Oceanography. Marine Science is the general term for research conducted in oceans and coastal or inland waters connected to the sea. This particular field is probably the best known to the public. Marine...

Genetic Research Genetic engineering is the directed alteration of genetic material by intervention in genetic processes (Webster's 9th New Collegiate Dictionary). Genetic engineering is a controversial subject. Some people think that it is necessary while others think that it is harmf...

Genetically modified food has been a topic of much debate ever since it was first introduced to the market in the early 1990s. Safety issues and economic as well as ecological concerns have been raised by many. While it is evident that there was a food supply issue the question is whether genetical...

INTELLIGENT DESIGN: A VALID THEORY? The term natural selection was discovered by Charles Darwin in his search for the way in which life and is processes evolved. The result of his studies has caused much debate throughout science. The concept created by Darwin is the theory of evolution, ...

History of Fingerprinting Forensic science used in criminal justice has recently been revolutionized with new DNA technology, but fingerprinting is still the most valid and effective form of identification used in law enforcement today. Going back in the time of ancient Babylon, fingerprints and...

This paper reports studies and findings of the intercellular adhesion molecule in relationship to the common cold virus and rheumatic diseases. The role of the cell and intercellular adhesion molecules is also examined. Cell-cell adhesion is required at all stages of development and is of importance...

Genetic Catastrophe "While the 20th century was shaped largely by spectacular breakthroughs in the field of physics and chemistry, the 21st century will belong to the biological sciences. Scientists around the world are quickly deciphering the genetic code of life, unlocking the mystery of b...

Fingerprints are the one thing that is unique on every single human being. Even twins, though they share the same DNA, have different fingerprints. Fingerprints offer an infallible means of personal identification that can make any case a "slam dunk." Though they've been used for...

Sometime during our lives, we've questioned ourselves at one point just how long has the earth existed and how did life begin? Our Biology book written by: Solomon, Berg, and Martin, shows theories that has taught us that earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old, and the earliest pieces of li...

Genetically Modified Soybeans Roundup Ready Soybeans are soybeans made to maximize the herbicide ability of a spray called Roundup Glyphosate is the active or main ingredient in Roundup. Glyphosate or phosphonomethylglycine, is a white, odorless solid that dissolves in water ("Some Food for F...

In The Double Helix, a reader can find James D. Watson\'s first-hand accounts of the competitive race in science that led to the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule. The DNA research Watson and his colleagues took part in demanded knowledge in many areas of expertise, but the most critic...