The World Imagined In 1498, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed with four ships from Europe to reach India. Because of the cold weather, the sailors could not prepare food. They went to Africa and collected all they needed and finally reached India and saw the flock of amazed citizens watc...

The voyages of historical European explorers in the early modern era between 1500 and 1800 resulted in short and long term consequences in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The diffusion of plants, food crops, human populations, disease pathogens, and animals changed the world's biolog...

PLANTS AND DISEASES IN THE WESTERN WORLD In 1215, a man named Marco Polo embarked on a journey towards Western Asia and China. His reason for going to Asia was to gain spices, silks, and other luxurious items only the Asians made. Along his journey, Polo soon realized that ...

Remnants of the Celtic people have been around for at least 4,000 years. Archaeologists mainly interpret Celtic history and art from relics found in graves and garbage dumps. Roman documents are also a source for scholars yet they can be one-sided descriptions of the Celts. Many of the elements in C...

The causes of the Crusades were many and complex, but prevailing religious beliefs were clearly of major importance. The Crusaders continued an older tradition of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land, which was often imposed as a penance; now, however, they assumed a dual role as pilgrims and warriors. M...

Old and New Immigrants, Birds of Passage, and True Immigrants Historians have divided immigration to the United States into two categories: old and new immigrants. With population increases in almost every European country due to advances in medicine and public health standards resulti...

1984 In many ways, Orwell's view of the future has come true. Although we do not live in a world dominated by Communist super-powers, there are many aspects of our society that are prophesied in the book. Take, for example, the three land masses used in Nineteen Eighty-Four. There is O...

The outbreak of war in Europe in 1854, the Crimean War, broke up the cooperation Europe, led by four powers-Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia-tried to maintain, solidify, and improve after the Napoleonic Wars. Even worse, into two separate hostile groups: mainly the west with France and Britain,...

Genocide has occurred since ancient times. When a group or a nation conquered another group, it was common practice to kill all the men-civilians and soldiers both-of the conquered group. In the 20th century mass killing increasingly became a part of some nations' ways to achieve political goa...

From the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, our country is a nation of immigrants. We have heard this in many presidential speeches and are constantly reminded of such. Look about and you will see people, faces that were born in a different place or are descendant of people born elsewhere. From New Yor...

The idea of a global village in modern terms brings up thoughts of a world that is completely connected on each continent by telephone, media, and Internet. The idea of a small world has become a part of everyday life only recently. Although the world has not gotten smaller since the 13th centu...

The Battle of the Somme lasted from July 1916 to November 1916. It was easily one of the worst battles ever fought. This battle took place at the Somme River,which runs through Europe. The opposing armies fought in a line of trenches over 960 Kilometers long. The trenches stretched from the Belgian ...

The United States of America are considered a nation of immigrants, most of them having traditionally come from Europe. Therefore, the Whites form the ethnic majority, but African Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans all having their own way of life have influenced the American culture, which w...

Starting from the early 1800's to the mid 1900's, the immigrants came to America for variety of reasons; they faced many hardship and hostility against them from the nativist. When the immigration began (from the early 1800's), come's the majority of immigrants: the Northern and western Europeans, ...

The "Cold War" is the term coined by columnist Walter Lipman to describe the competition just short of military conflict between Soviet Russia and the United States. It's roots go as far back as 1890 when the then allies became rivals over the development of Manchuria. The Cold War officially e...

Ancient Greek and Roman civilization have made many lasting contributions to western civilization. Contributions such as law, religion, sports, and trade are present in western civilization because of Greece and Rome. Justinian's code was Roman law that was introduced by Justinian...

Explore, discover and develop or seek, destroy and conquer. Almost everyone recognizes the name Christopher Columbus and understands what his role was in changing the views, lifestyles, politics, and geography of the fifteenth century modern world. Christopher Columbus discovered a world known t...

The industrialization and technology of the world's higher income nations has a negative effect on the plight of the world's poorer nations. The high-income nations' industrialization encourages child labor, poor living conditions in exchange for material things, and higher world p...

The Economy Of The Czech Republic The government of the Czech Republic faced a political and financial crises in 1997 shattered their image as one of the most stable and prosperous post-Communist states. This somewhat new republic, despite the financial tribulation, has been able to reduce ...

Gone are the days when people read the recruitment sections of newspapers and applied to specific jobs called for by companies. These days, people network with lecturers, bosses, and peers. They visit and post their resumes on job sites on the Internet. However, there is one new avenue for finding j...

Peter Brown's The World of Late Antiquity The Late Antique period is recognized from AD 150 to 750. For many historians, the central focus of this era revolves around decline and fall; however, this is not the case for Peter Brown, author of 1971's The World of Late Antiquity. Brown ...

Bush's Cold War For fifty years, the total purpose of American foreign interaction was to stop the spread of Communism. Only the threat of annihilation could prevent the citizens from rolling back into their traditional isolationism. George Washington himself preached that the United States ...

The effect of the Great War was huge, on the countries involved. The worst effect countries were Germany, France and Great Britain as Germany had some 2 million men killed. But this is nothing to France's losses, France alone lost about 3 million troops, and about 5 million wounded, they lost a...

From 1860 to 1900 nearly 15 million "new immigrants" came to America from the Southern and Eastern European countries of Italy, Poland, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Greece, Turkey, and Syria. Of these "new immigrants" most were single, young men with few job skills. This differed from the immigratio...

The Crusades The Crusades were a series of revolutionary movements that started in the eleventh century. They marked the first time large numbers of believers left their homeland to carry their culture and religion to far away lands. The Crusades were made up of a combination of religious intere...